The important role of vision in postural control during quiet standing is often explained by a reflexive response to optical flow, the retinal motion of environmental objects in a visual scene. Vision is recognized as one of the most important sources of information in postural control during quiet standing, often overriding other sensory input such as the vestibular or the somatosensory.
In case of conflicting sensory stimuli, sensory reweighting-where more reliability is given to one sensory contribution than others-occurs in real time to accommodate environmental changes. This information is then further processed and used to produce motor signals, creating coordinated reflexive muscle activity to maintain postural control. In performing stable quiet standing, several types of sensory input-primarily visual, somatosensory and vestibular-depend on the external environment as well as internal body changes, and is integrated into a multi-sensory scenario by the central nervous system. Postural control during quiet standing is complex and requires interaction between many perceptual and motor processes, with visual cues from the environment having been shown to play an important role. Based on our results we conclude that for postural stability during quiet standing, visual cues dominate over any potential consciousness factor arising due to vection. However, no significant relationship between postural control and vection, nor evidence of vection interaction to the relationship between optical flow and postural control, was found. The peripheral visual field was found to couple to stronger feeling of vection and better quality of postural control. The results show that postural reaction and vection were both affected by the visual stimuli and varied with speed. Using repeated-measures ANOVA, we assessed changes in the CoP and vection variables between experimental conditions, as well as possible interactions between the variables.
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Participants were also asked to report feelings of vection, both by pressing a button during the trial and through an overall rating at the end of each trial. Posture was continually evaluated using Center of Pressure (CoP) measurements. Participants (N = 19, age = 20.4 ☑.1 years) were shown dynamic visual stimuli in the form of sinusoidally expanding and contracting random dots, and the stimuli speed and visual field were manipulated.
In the present study we searched for changes in postural control during periods of vection during quiet standing. Studies targeting perception of self-motion, vection, typically use rapid visual stimuli moving in a single direction to maintain a constant feeling of vection, and there are few studies of vection using low-speed sinusoidal visual stimuli similar to human pendular movement. However, moving room experiments show that even small-amplitude body sway can evoke odd sensations or motion sickness, indicating that a consciousness factor may also be involved. Postural control in quiet standing is often explained by a reflexive response to optical flow, the apparent motion of environmental objects in a visual scene.
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